Severe Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome during the Induction Chemotherapy of Burkitt’s Lymphoma

The Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS), also known as veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a well-known complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, of the treatment of Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma and maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Its occurrence is rare in other cancers of the child. We report the observation of a 7-year-old girl with Burkitt’s lymphoma who developed a severe HSOS during her second induction treatment with dexamethasone, cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside. The evolution was fatal. This observation shows that the diagnosis of HSOS should not be excluded in the absence of the risk factors usually described.