Epidemiological and Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Diabetic Patients: A Descriptive Retrospective Study in N'Djamena, Chad

Introduction: association with HIV tuberculosis is a real public health problem according the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological, progressive and therapeutic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic.

Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study evaluating the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes in the pneumo-phtisiology department of the Reference National University Hospital Center over a period of 3 years about 51 cases.

Results: During our study period, we collected 51 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes out of a total of all hospitalised patients. with a prevalence of Tuberculosis/Diabetes co-infection of 5.6%. The sex ratio was 2.18 in favour of men. The average age was 52.3 ±13.8 years with extrems ranging from 20 to 80 years old. The notion of tuberculosis infection was found in 21.6% of cases. Other comorbidities were present, such as hypertension (41.2%, n=21) and HIV (15.7%, n=8). The GenXpert results revealed MTB Detected in 62.7% of cases with 9 cases of Rifampicin Resistance Detected. The type of diabetes found was mainly Type 2 diabetes (88.2%) and the most common complication was diabetic foot. The treatment consisted of a quadruple therapy, Oral Antidiabetic (OAD) and insulin, or a combination of both.

Conclusion: This study shows that the association of tuberculosis and diabetes is a reality in our countries. The prevalence remains relatively high and the treatment regimen remains the same. Prevention of TB and correct management of diabetes could reduce the prevalence of this pandemic.