The Effects of the Different Cooling Rates of the Crust upon the Geological Activities and the Magnetic Field of Earth as Well as the Diverse Levels of the Water of the Seas and Oceans

Investigation to determine the energy resources of the geological activities via recognizing the physics characteristics of materials.

Purpose: Understand the causes behind the geological activities and determine their energies resources which are eventually the potential energies of materials during their phase transformations.

Methods: Collecting data about these geological activities for their geographical regions, dates environmental conditions either on the surface or underneath of the surface and determine the effects of these circumstances upon physic properties of these materials, in the different conditions and determine the consequences of their phase transformations in changing the volumes and physic properties to determine the consequences of these phase transformations upon the created energies which feeding these geological activities to understand how extent geological activities are related to the physic properties of materials and the surrounding conditions in the closed cycle of the energy.

Results: The materials of the Earth either sand, Sandstone and Granite rocks are composed of Silicate (SiO3) in various forms and ratios, where this substance like rest of other substances changes in its physical properties according to the temperature and pressure applied in their surrounding environment, while some another effects such as the existence of minerals in the composition of the rocks could add additional characteristics, investigate the advanced stage of Earth's formation and focusing upon the cooling rates Earth's crust, where the differences of the values of temperatures on Earth’s crust due to the differences in their geographical location from the equator, which have influences upon different cooling rates and also due to exposing to the type of material it covers whether it is water or air, and these tiny differences will have a huge impact over millions of years of Earth's formation age which is estimated to be 4.54 billion years old, upon the thickness of the crust and the layers beneath and the effects of the contractions of these materials in their spherical shape to generate forces upon the spherical zone available for Lava hot incompressible fluids layers due to these contractions, because of the difference in temperatures on Earth’s crust due to the differences in its geographical locations either on the Equator or Arctic or Antarctic or due to the different rates of cooling which exposed of the different types of material covers the surface whether the water or air, this led create different rates freezing of the Lava lies underneath of the crust changing the rates of thickness of Earth's crust in different regions of the Earth, where freezing the Lava near the surface in the relatively cold regions adds additional material to Earth’s crust to be thicker, in the meantime freezing and cooling of these layers leads to the contraction of the volume of these materials nearby the crust generating great pressure upon (Lithosphere, Asthenosphere and Mantle) guiding the Basalt to release to the surface due to the reduction in the permitted spherical zone available where the Basalt is incompressible fluid create the reaction force equal to the value of the first generated force and in the opposite direction pushes the Lava to the surface through the boundaries of tectonic plates to be appeared as volcanic eruptions, where Basalt can reach temperatures of around 1200°C, rocks around the area to reach temperatures up to 1000°C during the volcanoes eruption, because these reaction forces generated by Lava causes the shattering the crust of Earth which is shrunk earlier and became a brittle during the cooling process and thus the tectonic plates of the Earth got created in the earlier ages of the Earth. During the high cooling rates of Earth’s crust in the specific regions such Arctic and Antarctic as well as some cold regions in the bottom of the oceans the magnetic properties of Iron in the these regions gets to the limits of transitions between the state of the nonmagnetic to the magnetic properties the of the Iron due to cooling these layers to the limits lower than Curie temperature, what causes activation of the magnetic properties of the Iron in those layers obstructing of passing Earth’s magnetic field through those location causing the Earth magnetic anomalies in some specific regions such the South Atlantic, where the weakening of the magnetic field of the Earth occurs obviously or even the racing the magnetic North Pole from Canada to Siberian. The effect of the gravity force of the Earth to the huge masses of the tectonic plates and the effect of the different values of generated centrifugal force for different latitudes of the Earth as well as the heterogeneous distribution of the material on the surface of the Earth eventually represent the main resources of the energy supplies generously to the geological activities causes the diverse water levels in some regions of oceans than rest of regions of the same oceans.