Prognosis of Covid-19 according to Pneumonia Types

Background: Pneumonia is defined infection affecting lower respiratory tracts and lung parenchyma. According to morphology in pneumonia imaging; categorized as lobar, bronchopneumonia (lobular), and interstitial pneumonia. Covid 19 is a severe disease that causes lung damage.

Aims: In this study, it was aimed to relate patients hospitalized in Covid 19 wards with prognosis and mortality according to pneumonia types.

Study Design: This study was done between 1 August and 30 September 2021 in Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Covid Wards. The patients were examined retrospectively.

Methodology: The study included with positive PCR test, 18 age and more than, with lung involvoment in CT. Patients' age, gender, pneumonia types according to CT, how many lobes affected in the lung, rate of involvement of each lobe, admission in Intensive-care and mortality were analyzed. Chi Square Test was used in the statistical analysis of the data.

Results: A total of 243 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 56.7±2.02. In the patients 45.6% were male and 54.4% female (±0.06). 76.5% of the patients had a history of chronic disease (most often hypertension). According to the types of pneumonia in CT; it was 51.8% lobular, 44.8% interstitial and 3.4% lobar. In CT, it were affect five lobes 68.7%, four lobes 10.6%, three lobes 9%, two lobes 3.7%, and one lobe 8% in the lung. In the study, 20.9% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive-care unit and 11.5% died.

Conclusion: In patients hospitalized in wards; Covid-19 is more often in females. Although it is more often in the 40-60 ages, the 20-40 ages range is related with intensive care admission. A history of chronic disease is related with a poor prognosis. More than 50% involvement of 2 lobes in lobar pneumonia, 3 lobes in lobular pneumonia and only 1 lobe in interstitial pneumonia is related with intensive care. Interstitial pneumonia is related with a poor prognosis according to pneumonia types in Covid-19.