A Review on Origin and Genetic Analysis of Wheat Genes Conferring Resistance to Wheat Rust in Common Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat rusts, produced by three species of Puccinia, are severe diseases and important biotic impediments in efforts to keep wheat production going around the world.The most commercially significant and prevalent diseases among global wheat varieties includes leaf rust also known as brown rust, caused by Puccinia graminis triticina Eriks, stem or black rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and stripe or yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. Tritici.Currently,more than 200 rust resistance genes (100 leaf rust, 60 stem rust, and 51 stripe rust) have been identified by using various molecular approaches from several wheat crop species and related wild species. This review highlights various aspects of Lr (Leaf rust), Sr (Stem rust) and Yr(yellow rust) resistance genes, their primitive origins, and their prevalence in globally wheat cultivars.