Demographic and Clinical Status of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD), which results from coronary artery narrowing or blockage, is a major global cause of illness and death. In cardiovascular medicine, the demographic and clinical characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are essential areas of investigation. Analyzing these profiles offers valuable information on CAD's epidemiology, risk factors, and effects on diverse patient groups.

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to assess the demographic and clinical status of patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods: This prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, 250 Bed General Hospital in Meherpur, Bangladesh, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 90 confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, selected through purposive sampling method. Data was collected using a semi-structured pre-designed questionnaire, and MS Office tools and SPSS version 22.0 were used for data analysis.

Results: The majority of participants (43%) were aged 66-75 years, with a mean BMI of 23.79 ± 2.54 Kg/m2. Seventy percent were male. Initial ECG findings showed 13% with left bundle branch block and 10% with right bundle branch block. The mean QRS duration was 123.12 ± 29.41 ms. Single-vessel disease (SVD) was present in 23%, double-vessel disease (DVD) in 15%, and triple-vessel disease (TVD) in 21%. Normal findings occurred in 29% of cases. Hypertension was a risk factor in 30%, while smoking was a risk factor in 26%.

Conclusion: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) predominantly affects middle-aged males. The high frequency of triple-vessel disease, accounting for 21% of CAD patients, is a cause for concern. In Bangladesh, hypertension and smoking are the most prevalent risk factors among CAD patients.