Impacts of Bamboo Biochar Amendment on Growth, Morphological Traits, and Biomass Allocation of Bambusa balcooa under Copper-Contaminated Soil Conditions
Mamta Lathwal
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India.
Mamta Rani
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India.
Vikas
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricutural University, Hisar - 125001, India.
Anand Narayan Singh
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India.
Nirmala Chongtham *
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in water streams and soil is considered a grave environmental threat that impacts plants and animals. Biochar has recently been widely used to overcome the effects of heavy metal contamination in plants and remediate the soil. A pot-trial study assessed the morphological traits of Bambusa balcooa under copper contamination. Each pot (twenty-four earthen pots) was filled with 7.0 kg of soil and spiked with copper sulfate of 0, 300, 600, and 1200 mg kg-1. Of the total, twelve pots were amended with 7% (w/w of soil) bamboo biochar. Plant samples were harvested after one year (365 days) of treatment for biomass estimation. Data was recorded for different growth and morphological traits such as the number of clums, nodes, leaves, internode length, plant height, leaf area, root length, and dry biomass of root, shoot, and leaf to evaluate the impact of copper with or without bamboo biochar on Bambusa balcooa. The results indicated that the higher concentration of copper suppressed growth parameters such as shoot length, internode length, number of leaves, and leaf area; therefore, growth increment was significantly reduced at ) mg Kg‑1 copper-added soil. Biochar diminishes the impact of Cu stress on plants to some extent as at higher concentrations (600 and 1200 mg kg-1) was enhanced root dry biomass (51 and 148%), shoot dry biomass (42 and 57%), and leaf dry biomass (38 and 48%). Thus, results confirm that biochar amendment under Bambusa balcooa reduces the impact of copper contamination on the plant and increases plant growth by improving soil health, suggesting that bamboo biochar application was effective in metal stabilization, thereby, reducing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Cu and can help to restore copper-contaminated soil.
Keywords: Bamboo, biochar, soil, Bambusa balcooa, growth
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Haseena K, Balehonnur F, Verma R, Prasanna KT. Impact of Biochar Application on the Chemical Properties of Acidic and Neutral Soil. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 2022;34(12):10-18.
Rani M, Lathwal M, Singh AN, Chongtham, N. Bamboo Act as a Phytoremediation Candidate for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: A Synthesis. In Bamboo Science and Technology Singapore: Springer Nature. 2023;125-161.
Rehman M, Liu L, Wang Q, Saleem MH, Bashir S, Ullah S, Peng D. Copper environmental toxicology, recent advances, and future outlook: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2019;26:18003-18016.
Alloway BJ. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability Springer Science & Business Media. 2012;22.
Chongtham N, Bisht MS. Bamboo shoot: superfood for nutrition, health, and medicine. CRC Press; 2020.
Indira A, Joshi B, Oinam S, Koul A, Chongtham N. Potential of Bamboo in the Prevention of Diabetes-Related Disorders: Possible Mechanisms for Prevention. In: Bamboo Science and Technology Singapore: Springer Nature. 2023;89-124.
Indira A, Joshi B, Oinam S, Koul A, Chongtham N. Assessment of preliminary subacute oral toxicity of Bambusa nutans aqueous extract based on histoarchitectural and biochemical alterations in LACA mice. Comp. Clin. Path. 2023;1-13.
Indira A, Santosh O, Koul A, Nirmala C. Comparative assessment of the antioxidant potential of bamboo leaves, along with some locally and commercially consumed beverages in India. Adv Bam Sci. 2022;1:100007.
Rajput BS, Jani M, Ramesh K, Manokari M, Jogam P, Allini VR, Kher MM, Shekhawat MS. Large-scale clonal propagation of Bambusa balcooa Roxb.: an industrially important bamboo species. Ind. Crops Prod. 2020;157:112905.
Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Eldin SM, Ali I, Usman M, Iqbal R, Rizwan M, Abdel-Hameed UK, Haider, AA, Tariq A. Biochar as a green sorbent for remediation of polluted soils and associated toxicity risks: A critical review. Separations. 2023;10(3):197.
Joseph S, Cowie AL, Van Zwieten L, Bolan N, Budai A, Buss W, Cayuela ML, Graber ER, Ippolito JA, Kuzyakov Y, Luo Y. How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar. Glob. Change Biol. Bioenergy. 2023;13(11):1731- 1764.
Akinlabi ET, Anane-Fenin K, Akwada DR, Akinlabi ET, Anane-Fenin K, Akwada DR. Applications of bamboo. In: Bamboo: the multipurpose plant. 2017;179-219.
Lathwal M, Rani M, Indira A, Chongtham N. Bamboo: A Sustainable Alternative for Biochar Production. In: Bamboo Science and Technology. Singapore: Springer Nature. 2023;265-295.
Chaturvedi K, Singhwane A, Dhangar M, Mili M, Gorhae N, Naik A, Prashant N, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2023;1-27.
Lebrun M, Palmeggiani G, Renouard S, Chafik Y, Cagnon B, Bourgerie S, Morabito D. Natural ageing of biochar improves its benefits to soil Pb immobilization and reduction in soil phytotoxicity. Environ Geochem Health. 2023;1-27.
Ramírez-Zamora J, Mussali-Galante P, Rodríguez A, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Valencia-Cuevas, L, Tovar-Sánchez E. Assisted Phytostabilization of Mine-Tailings with Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) and biochar. Plants. 2022; 11(24):3441.
Deng P, Wan W, Azeem M, Riaz L, Zhang W, Yang Y, Li C, Yuan W. Characterization of biochar derived from bamboo and its application to modulate the toxic effects of chromium on wheat plant. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2022;1- 16.
Xiang L, Liu S, Ye S, Yang H, Song B, Qin F, Shen M, Tan C, Zeng G, Tan X. Potential hazards of biochar: The negative environmental impacts of biochar applications. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021; 420:126611.
Parthasarathy P, Al-Ansari T, Mackey HR, Narayanan KS, McKay G. A review on prominent animal and municipal wastes as potential feedstocks for solar pyrolysis for biochar production. Fuel. 2022;316: 123378.
Campos P, Miller AZ, Knicker H, Costa-Pereira MF, Merino A, De la Rosa JM. Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: Implications for their use as soil amendment. Waste Manage. 2020;105:256-267.
Wang Y, Zhong B, Shafi M, Ma J, Guo J, Wu J, Ye Z, Liu D, Jin H. Effects of biochar on growth, and heavy metals accumulation of moso bamboo (Phyllostachy pubescens), soil physical properties, and heavy metals solubility in soil. Chemosphere. 2019;219:510-6.
Sahoo D, Remya N. Influence of operating parameters on the microwave pyrolysis of rice husk: biochar yield, energy yield, and property of biochar. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2020;1-10.
Deng P, Wan W, Azeem M, Riaz L, Zhang W, Yang Y, Li C, Yuan W. Characterization of biochar derived from bamboo and its application to modulate the toxic effects of chromium on wheat plant. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2022;1-16.
Li L, Lai C, Huang F, Cheng M, Zeng G, Huang D, Li B, Liu S, Zhang M, Qin L, Li M. Degradation of naphthalene with magnetic bio-char activate hydrogen peroxide: synergism of bio-char and Fe–Mn binary oxides. Water res. 2019; 160:238-248.
Qiu B, Tao X, Wang H, Li W, Ding X, Chu H. Biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal: A review. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 2020; 155:105081.
Zhang C, Liu L, Zhao M, Rong H, Xu Y. The environmental characteristics and applications of biochar. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018;25:21525-21534.
Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhan W, Zheng K, Wang J, Zhang C, Chen R. Stabilization of heavy metal-contaminated soils by biochar: Challenges and recommendations. Sci. Total Environ. 2020; 729:139060.
Zhou Y, Qin S, Verma S, Sar T, Sarsaiya S, Ravindran B, Liu T, Sindhu R, Patel AK, Binod P, Varjani S. Production and beneficial impact of biochar for environmental application: a compre-hensive review. Bioresour. Technol. 2021; 337:125451.
El-Naggar A, Ahmed N, Mosa A, Niazi NK, Yousaf B, Sharma A, Sarkar B, Cai Y, Chang SX. Nickel in soil and water: Sources, biogeochemistry, and remediation using biochar. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021;419:126421.
Asati A, Pichhode M, Nikhil K. Effect of heavy metals on plants: an overview. Int. j. appl. innov. eng. Manag. 2016;5(3):56-66.
Trentin E, Cesco S, Pii Y, Valentinuzzi F, Celletti S, Feil SB, Zuluaga MYA, Ferreira PAA, Ricachenevsky FK, Stefanello LO, De Conti L. Plant species and pH dependent responses to copper toxicity. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2022;196:104791.
Chen L, Zhou M, Wang J, Zhang Z, Duan C, Wang X, Zhao S, Bai X, Li Z, Li Z, Fang L. A global meta-analysis of heavy metal (loid) s pollution in soils near copper mines: Evaluation of pollution level and probabilistic health risks. Sci. Total Environ. 2022;835: 155441.
Garcia JS, Dalmolin ÂC, Cortez PA, Barbeira PS, Mangabeira PA, França MG. Short-term cadmium exposure induces gas exchanges, morphological and ultrastructural disturbances in mangrove Avicennia schaueriana young plants. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2018;1(131):122-9.
Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y. Growth responses and photosynthetic indices of bamboo plant (Indocalamus latifolius) under heavy metal stress. Sci. World J; 2018.
Pilipović A, Zalesny Jr, RS, Rončević S, Nikolić N, Orlović S, Beljin J, Katanić M. Growth, physiology, and phytoextraction potential of poplar and willow established in soils amended with heavy-metal contaminated, dredged river sediments J. Environ. Manage. 2019;239:352-365.
Irfan M, Mudassir M, Khan MJ, Dawar KM, Muhammad D, Mian IA, Ali W, Fahad S, Saud S, Hayat Z, Nawaz T. Heavy metals immobilization and improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) growth amended with biochar and compost. Sci. Rep. 2021;11(1):18416.
Chirumamilla P, Taduri S. Plant responses to abiotic stresses: heavy metals—on in vitro nodal propagation of Solanum khasianum Clarke, its morpho-physiological and anatomical studies. Plant Physiol. Rep. 2023;1-8.
Schmitz D, Girardi J, Jamin J, Bundschuh M, Geng B, Feldmann R, Rösch V, Riess K, Schirmel J. Copper Uptake and Its Effects on Two Riparian Plant Species, the Native Urtica dioica, and the Invasive Fallopia japonica. Plants. 2023;12(3): 481.
Ai Y, Wang Y, Song L, Hong W, Zhang Z, Li X, Zhou S, Zhou J. Effects of biochar on the physiology and heavy metal enrichment of Vetiveria zizanioides in contaminated soil in mining areas. J. Hazard. Mater. 2023;448:130965.
Afshan S, Ali S, Bharwana SA, Rizwan M, Farid M, Abbas F, Ibrahim M, Mehmood MA, Abbasi, GH. Citric acid enhances the phytoextraction of chromium, plant growth, and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damages in Brassica napus L. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2015;22:11679-11689.
Govindasamy P, Mahawer SK, Mowrer J, Bagavathiannan M, Prasad M, Ramakrishnan S, Halli HM, Kumar S, Chandra A. Comparison of Low-Cost Methods for Soil Water Holding Capacity. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2023;54(2):287-296.
Purnamasari L, Rostaman T, Widowati LR, Anggria L. Comparison of appropriate cation exchange capacity (CEC) extraction methods for soils from several regions of Indonesia. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021;648(1): 012209.
Das SK, Das SK. Influence of phosphorus and organic matter on microbial transformation of arsenic. Environ. Technol. Innov. 2020;19:100930.
Svensson DN, Messing I, Barron J. An investigation in laser diffraction soil particle size distribution analysis to obtain compatible results with sieve and pipette method. Soil tillage res. 2022;223: 105450.
Ewaid SH, Mhajej KG, Abed SA, Al-Ansari N. June. Groundwater Hydrochemistry Assessment of North Dhi-Qar Province, South of Iraq Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021;790(1): 012075.
Hicks TD, Kuns CM, Raman C, Bates ZT, Nagarajan S. Simplified Method for the Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Wastewater. Environments. 2022;9(5): 55.